G Pierre Marchal

Les mouvements

Departures: Berthomier (rp Nice), Everson (St Jean Beaulieu), White (Pandurii, ROU), Perre (Le Havre), Coronas (Gap), reckless (Orleans), Romano (man.) Borel, T. Vairelles, G. Vairelles, El Attaria, Jamai, Citony, Uras, Chanot, Jolibois, Diop.

Arrivals: Pierre Jacquet, and Charles Cyr Guerekoyanzande, Goncalves, Protin, Freitas, Maltaverne and Coelho (Paray), F. Shoe and Potignon (Rigny), P.-Y. Soulier (Oullins), Goga (Louhans), Abad-Nang (Prix-lès-Mézières), Minet (Arnay-le-Duc), Marchal (Macon), Basset, Ducroux (free).

Effective

Goalkeepers: Berkaine, Jacquet, Minet.

Defenders: Basset, Bidalot, Divava, Ferreira Freitas, Goncalves, Gourlier, Longin, Marchal.

Midfielders: Nang Abad, Coelho, Daneirolle, Ducroux, B. Janicki, P. Janicki, Maltaverne, Revuelta, F. Soulier, P.-Y. Shoe.

Forwards: Goga, Cyr and C. Guerekoyazande, Lafay, Pierre, Potignon, Protin.

Coach: Vincent Stropoli.

FRENCH INVASION OF RUSSIA

Alternative names

Napoleon’s invasion is better known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Russian 1812 , Otechestvennaya Vojna 1812 goda), not to be confused with the Great Patriotic War ( , Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna) which refers to Hitler’s, rather than Napoleon’s, invasion of Russia. The Patriotic War of 1812 is also occasionally referred to as the “War of 1812″, which is not to be confused with the conflict of the same name between the United Kingdom and the United States. It was also termed the “Fatherland War”, and later the “First Fatherland War”, with both World Wars later being termed the “Second Fatherland War”. In pre-revolutionary Russian literature found such an epithet of the war as “an invasion of twelve languages” Russian: . In an attempt to gain increased support from Polish nationalists and patriots, Napoleon in his own words termed this war the “Second Polish War” (the first Polish war being the liberation of Poland from Russia, Prussia and Austria), because one of the main goals of this war was the resurrection of the Polish state on the territories of Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine.

Causes

At the time of the invasion, Napoleon was at the height of his power with virtually all of continental Europe either under his direct control or held by countries defeated by his empire and under treaties favorable for France. No European power on the continent dared move against him. The 1809 Austrian war treaty had a clause removing Western Galicia from Austria and annexing it to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. Russia viewed this as against its interests and as a potent launching point for an invasion of Russia. In an attempt to gain increased support from Polish nationalists and patriots, Napoleon in his own words termed this war the Second Polish War: “Soldiers, the second war of Poland is started; the first finished in Tilsit. In Tilsit, Russia swore eternal alliance in France and war in England. It violates its oaths today. Russia is pulled by its fate; its destinies must be achieved! Does it thus believe us degenerated? Thus let us go ahead; let us pass Neman River, carry the war on its territory. The second war of Poland will be glorious with the French Armies like the first one.” Napoleon daily decree, June 22 1812. The “first” Polish war being the War of the Fourth Coalition to liberate Poland from Russia, Prussia and Austria), because one of the official declared goals of this war was the resurrection of the Polish state on territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Tsar Alexander found Russia in an economic bind as his country had little in the way of manufacturing yet was rich in raw materials and relied heavily on trade with Napoleon’s continental system for both money and manufactured goods. Russia’s withdrawal from the system was a further incentive to Napoleon to force a decision.

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